1. Several characteristics of football matches:
1. Strive for the initiative in time and space; in the competition, in order to gain advantage in time and space, athletes use physical collisions, close pressing, dribbling breakthroughs and coordination to fight for the initiative. According to statistics, today's world's top teams have completed about 916 technical moves in competitions, of which 482 were used under confrontation conditions, accounting for 52.6% of the total. Among them, it reaches more than 85% under the conditions of confrontation in the midfield, 95% under the conditions of confrontation in the opponent's 1/3 area, and 100% in the opponent's penalty area.
2. Change the rhythm of the game at a high speed; in a modern football match, in 60 minutes of pure competition, both sides make about 300 changes, an average of 5 times/minute. Shots scored by the team in possession within 25 seconds accounted for 91% of the total goals, and goals scored by the ball in less than 3 passes accounted for 65.2% of the total goals.
3. Technology tends to be more reasonable and concise;
4. Tactically highlight the overall fast total attack and total defense;
(1) Pay attention to and strengthen the midfield strength;
(2) Keep the formation tight;
(3) Tactical excitement;
(4) Super physical ability is guaranteed; in world high-level football competitions, athletes have an activity distance of 9,000 to 14,000 meters, including 150 sprints, a sprint distance of more than 2,500 meters, and 50% of technical actions are completed in high-speed confrontations etc.
(5) High level of psychological quality;
2. Physical characteristics of football
1. Basic forms of expression of athletes’ physical fitness in football matches
1.1 Activity distance. Long distance and high intensity. In modern football, athletes’ activity distance is 9000~14000 meters.
1.2 Activity methods. Including walking, jogging, and fast running. The proportion of the latter two will gradually increase with the development of the project. According to a survey conducted by Chinese football researchers on the A-League, the majority of running methods are sprints of 5 to 15 meters.
1.3 Physical distribution during the competition period. 1.4 Football game heart rate range. Statistics from the 8 games of the Chinese men's football team in the spring training of the Kunming Class A team in 1997 showed that heart rates above 180 beats accounted for 11.3% of the game time, and heart rates above 150 beats accounted for 70.4%, with an average of 156.9 beats.
2. The main energy supply characteristics of athletes in football matches. In the early 1990s, the research results of some scholars recognized aerobic and non-lactate anaerobic energy supply, but there were no special requirements for glycolytic energy supply. (The blood lactate value after the game is only 4~8MM) UKResearch by Lilly Thomas and others shows that football players sprint about 15 meters every 90 seconds, and non-lactic acid anaerobic energy supply plays an important role.
3. Physical training of football players
The physical training plan must adapt to the characteristics of football. The training content, running distance, running type, strength and endurance should have different requirements for different players. The above mainly talks about basic physical fitness, and the following will further focus on strength training, speed training and endurance training based on the special characteristics.
1. Special strength training
1. Speed power
Practice intensity 75%~90%; practice time 5~10 seconds; interval: complete recovery is appropriate; number of repetitions: 4~6 times; number of practice groups: 3~4 groups.
2. Strength and endurance
Practice intensity: 60%~70%; Practice time: 15~45 seconds is appropriate; Interval: the general heart rate returns to about 120 beats/min; Number of repetitions: 20~30 times; Number of practice groups: 3~5 groups .
2. Special speed training
Exercise load requirements for speed training: Practice intensity: 95%~100%; Practice time: 3~10 seconds is appropriate; Interval time depends on the purpose of training, and can be fully recovered or incompletely recovered; Number of practice repetitions: 6 ~8 times; number of practice groups: 3~5 groups.
3. Special endurance training
1. Aerobic endurance training
It is divided into two types: low-intensity intermittent method and continuous method.
Requirements for continuous training method: practice intensity: 40%~60%; practice time: more than 25 minutes; distance: 5000~10000 meters.
Requirements for low-intensity interval method: Practice intensity: 150 times/minute; Practice time: 30~40 seconds; Interval requires incomplete recovery, and generally the pulse is restored to 120 times/minute; Practice times: 8~40 times; number of practice groups: 1 group is enough.
2. Anaerobic endurance training
Anaerobic endurance training often uses submaximal intensity interval training.
Anaerobic endurance training requirements: practice intensity: 80%~90%, pulse 180~200 beats/min; practice time: 20~120 seconds; intervals require incomplete recovery, pulse generally around 120 beats/min ;Number of exercises: 12~40 times;Number of exercise groups: 1~2 groups.
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